{"id":3204,"date":"2017-10-20T16:52:53","date_gmt":"2017-10-20T22:52:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\/?p=3204"},"modified":"2017-10-22T06:01:39","modified_gmt":"2017-10-22T12:01:39","slug":"torah-ecology-noach-gen-69-1132","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\/?p=3204","title":{"rendered":"Torah Ecology: Noach (Gen 6:9 – 11:32)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cJustice, justice you shall pursue, that you may live, and inherit the land which the LORD your God gives you.\u201d<\/em> (\u05e6\u05b6\u05d3\u05b6\u05e7 \u05e6\u05b6\u05d3\u05b6\u05e7, \u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05b9\u05bc\u05e3–\u05dc\u05b0\u05de\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7\u05df \u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05d7\u05b0\u05d9\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e8\u05b7\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05ea\u05b8\u05bc \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea-\u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5, \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8-\u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b6\u05d9\u05da\u05b8 \u05e0\u05b9\u05ea\u05b5\u05df \u05dc\u05b8\u05da\u05b0) – Deut. 16:20<\/p>\n

Religions begin with looking at the world and seeing a problem, then imagining solutions. For the Torah and later Judaism, that problem is injustice. Since injustice is a problem in relationship, the solution the Torah imagines is a body of laws to guide first humanity, then a subset of humanity, the Israelites, in establishing right relationships.<\/p>\n

The justice issue informs the overarching thematic structure of the Torah, set out in Genesis 1-9:\u00a0creation, moral failure, roll-back of creation, a new creation. When morality fails and relationships are out of balance, catastrophe follows. When justice fails, worlds return to pre-creation emptiness and void. All of creation interconnects and depends on each part, and each part connects to and depends on others. Moral failures in any area of life affect everything.<\/p>\n

My primary purpose in Torah Ecology is to explore what the Torah envisions as correct relationships. From my study so far, I believe the parameters are much wider than the human realm, embracing other creatures and the whole earth.<\/p>\n

Ethical consciousness and responsibility pervade all of creation, human beings, non-human animals, the earth itself. Not only human beings but non-human animals fail to fulfill G-d\u2019s plan for creation, and both are morally accountable. The earth is G-d\u2019s instrument in ensuring justice. From this week\u2019s portion:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe earth became corrupt before G-d; the earth was filled with lawlessness. When G-d saw how corrupt the earth was, for all flesh<\/i> (\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05e8 – basar) had corrupted its ways on earth, G-d said to Noah, \u2018I have decided to put an end to all flesh<\/i> (\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05e8 – basar), for the earth is filled with lawlessness because of them: I am about to destroy them with the earth.\u201d (Gen. 6:11-13).<\/p>\n

Our assumption is that G-d intends to wipe out humanity because of its \u201clawlessness,\u201d because it \u201ccorrupted\u201d its ways, but the text doesn\u2019t say humanity \u2014 it says \u201call flesh\u201d (\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05e8 – basar). The word\u00a0signifies the substance or flesh of a being, most often without life in it, a carcass suitable for food or for sacrifice on the altar. It refers to any kind of creature.<\/p>\n

The word\u00a0\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05e8 – basar, meaning flesh, contrasts with\u00a0\u05e0\u05b6\u05bc\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 – nefesh, often translated \u201csoul\u201d \u2014 yet Gen. 12:5 reports that \u201cAbram left Haran with his wife Sarai and his brother\u2019s son Lot, and all the wealth that they had amassed, and the \u05e0\u05b6\u05bc\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 (nefesh) –\u00a0persons<\/i>\u00a0that they had acquired in Haran…\u201d \u00a0The story of Noah and the flood suggests that \u05e0\u05b6\u05bc\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 (nefesh) has an even more comprehensive meaning than \u201cpersons,\u201d that like basar, it doesn\u2019t only refer to human beings. Perhaps a better translation, then, is living being, substance given life by the breath of G-d.<\/p>\n

Along these lines, Gen. 1:29-30 reads, \u201cG-d said, \u201cSee I give you every seed-bearing plant that is upon all the earth, and every tree that has seed-bearing fruit; they shall be yours for food. And to all the animals on land (\u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b7\u05bc\u05ea \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5 – hayyat ha-aretz), to all the birds of the sky (\u05e2\u05d5\u05b9\u05e3 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05de\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05dd – of ha-shamayim), and to everything that creeps on earth (\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b5\u05e9\u05c2 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc-\u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5 – romes al ha-aretz), in which there is the breath of life (\u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8-\u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9 \u05e0\u05b6\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4 – asher bo nefesh hayyah), [I give] all the green plants for food.\u201d<\/p>\n

In Gen. 2:20, we learn of a further division of land animals into domesticated and wild: \u201cAnd the man gave names to all the cattle (\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05d4\u05b5\u05de\u05b8\u05d4 – behemah) and to the birds of the sky and to all the wild beasts (\u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b7\u05bc\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c2\u05d3\u05b6\u05d4 – hayyat ha-sadeh)…\u201d<\/p>\n

Once again, in Gen. 2:19, all<\/i> creatures are living beings: \u201c…and whatever the man called each living creature (\u05e0\u05b6\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4 – nefesh hayyah), that would be its name.\u201d All creatures are livings beings (\u05e0\u05b6\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 – nefesh) brought to life with the breath of G-d. Ha-Adam, humanity, is but one genus in the family of living beings.<\/p>\n

The word \u201dflesh\u201d (\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05e8 – basar), then, in this context means all creatures were lawless and corrupted their ways on earth. The text emphasizes this point in the phrase, \u201cThe earth became corrupt before G-d\u201d (\u05d5\u05b7\u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05d7\u05b5\u05ea \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5 – va-tishaket ha-aretz). It also implies that all living beings were already dead, that the breath of life wasn\u2019t within them. They were not\u00a0\u05e0\u05b6\u05bc\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 – nefesh. They were \u201cbasar,\u201d carcasses, devoid of the breath of life.<\/p>\n

Certainly this theme isn\u2019t presented in a one-to-one correspondence, life vs. lifeless flesh. The creatures who enter the ark are \u201call flesh in which there is the breath of life\u201d (\u05de\u05b4\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d4\u05b7\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05e8, \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8-\u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9 \u05e8\u05d5\u05bc\u05d7\u05b7 \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05dd – mi-lol ha-basar asher bo ruach hayyim) – Gen. 7:17. But it is the ongoing and repeated association of flesh with the beings on earth before the flood that focuses attention on the material and therefore transient aspect of life on earth, dependent on the breath of G-d for life.<\/p>\n

More than that, skillful and repeated use of flesh, \u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05e8 – basar, and \u05e0\u05b6\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 – living being, points to the equality of all creation in this respect: all creatures, not only humans, depend on G-d for life, and their life is the breath of G-d. At the same time, all creatures, including humans, without the breath of life from G-d are merely meat, dead carcasses.<\/p>\n

The emphasis on the equality of all being on earth finds another expression in Gen. 7:23: \u201cAll existence (\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d4\u05b7\u05d9\u05b0\u05e7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd – lol ha-y\u2019kum) on earth was blotted out \u2014 man, cattle, creeping things, and birds of the sky; they were blotted out from the earth.\u201d An alternate translation of \u201cexistence\u201d is \u201csubstance,\u201d again a reference to the material aspect of all creatures on earth, human and otherwise. And those who leave the ark are all \u201cliving things of all flesh\u201d (\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d4\u05b7\u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4… \u05de\u05b4\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05e8 – kol hayyah … mi-kol basar) – Gen. 8:17.<\/p>\n

What Noach describes is a world in which all living beings became lawless and corrupt and all, therefore, suffered the consequence of their moral failure. Creation rolls back to watery emptiness and void but for the tiny remnant, human and non-human, who still have G-d\u2019s breath of life in them,\u00a0\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d4\u05b7\u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4 (all living beings), floating on the vast, dark water in a tiny ark.<\/p>\n

The story of the flood reverses the imagery of the creation story in Gen. 1 and is rich with allusions to that creation narrative as creation rolls back. But it is the reference to corruption in the flood story that makes me wonder what, exactly, brought on this roll back to pre-creation darkness and emptiness. Significant differences between the first creation and the new one that follows the flood suggest an answer.<\/p>\n

The key Hebrew stem sh-h-t, \u201ccorrupt,\u201d appears seven times in the flood narrative, according to Nahum Sarna in the JPS Torah Commentary<\/i>. These further comments are telling: \u201cThe universal corruption is further defined as hamas<\/i>. This term parallels \u201cno justice\u201d in Job 19:7 and is elsewhere the synonym of \u201cfalsehood,\u201d \u201cdeceit,\u201d or \u201cbloodshed.\u201d It means, in general, the flagrant subversion of the ordered processes of law.\u201d<\/p>\n

This helps us understand the nature of the lawlessness and corruption permeating all of creation that brought on the flood. A comparison of Gen. 1:29-30, quoted above, and Gen. 9:2-5 tells that story, once again including non-human creatures with humanity in both moral failure and consequence. Gen. 1:29-30 provides \u201cevery seed-bearing plant that is upon all the earth, and every tree that has seed-bearing fruit\u201d to human beings for food and \u201call the green plants for food\u201d to every kind of creature. In other words, both humans and animals are offered a vegan diet. Everything changes in the post-flood world:<\/p>\n

Gen. 9:2-5:<\/b>\u00a0\u201cThe fear and the dread of you shall be upon all the beasts of the earth and upon all the birds of the sky\u2014everything with which the earth is astir\u2014and upon all the fish of the sea; they are given into your hand. Every creature that lives shall be yours to eat; as with the green grasses, I give you all these. You must not, however, eat flesh with its life-blood in it. But for your own life-blood I will require a reckoning: I will require it of every beast; of man, too, will I require a reckoning for human life, of every man for that of his fellow man (brother).\u201d<\/p>\n

The new creation of Gen. 9:2-5 differs profoundly from the creation of Gen. 1-3 that it mirrors. G-d specifically allows meat-eating to humans, generating fear throughout the animal kingdom. Immediately this reluctant permission is ringed with prohibition: not to eat flesh with its life-blood in it. Further, human beings are not to kill their \u201cbrothers,\u201d their fellow humans, an allusion to the story of Cain and Abel, suggesting that every homicide is fratricide.<\/p>\n

The passage also, however, pre-supposes meat-eating among animals and cautions they will now be held accountable if their prey is human. Both animals and humans, in taking life that was not permitted to them in the original order of creation, acted lawlessly and corruptly. For both animals and humans, there were consequences for moral failures tied to unjustly taking life that returned the world to watery emptiness and void. In the new creation, while G-d gives humans and animals permission to continue their practice of eating meat, restrictions surround the practice and they are warned of their accountability.<\/p>\n

Humans killed their own family, and animals killed humans for food in the pre-flood world. This is the lawlessness and corruption that subverted G-d\u2019s plan and brought down the first creation. In the brave new world post-flood, G-d recognizes and accepts the reality of human and animal natures and recluctantly, and I have to imagine sadly, allows meat-eating with restrictions to humans and animals according to their natures.<\/p>\n

For more, visit my blog, vegetatingwithleslie.org<\/a><\/strong>, \u201cLike\u201d me on FaceBook\/Vegetating with Leslie<\/strong> or follow me on Twitter, @vegwithleslie.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cJustice, justice you shall pursue, that you may live, and inherit the land which the LORD your God gives you.\u201d (\u05e6\u05b6\u05d3\u05b6\u05e7 \u05e6\u05b6\u05d3\u05b6\u05e7, \u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05b9\u05bc\u05e3–\u05dc\u05b0\u05de\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7\u05df \u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05d7\u05b0\u05d9\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e8\u05b7\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05ea\u05b8\u05bc \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea-\u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5, \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8-\u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b6\u05d9\u05da\u05b8 \u05e0\u05b9\u05ea\u05b5\u05df \u05dc\u05b8\u05da\u05b0) – Deut. 16:20 Religions begin with looking at the world and seeing <\/p>\n

Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3217,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[127,139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nonhuman-animals","category-torah-ecology"],"yoast_head":"\nTorah Ecology: Noach (Gen 6:9 - 11:32) - Vegetating with Leslie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\/?p=3204\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Torah Ecology: Noach (Gen 6:9 - 11:32) - Vegetating with Leslie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cJustice, justice you shall pursue, that you may live, and inherit the land which the LORD your God gives you.\u201d (\u05e6\u05b6\u05d3\u05b6\u05e7 \u05e6\u05b6\u05d3\u05b6\u05e7, \u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05b9\u05bc\u05e3–\u05dc\u05b0\u05de\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7\u05df \u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05d7\u05b0\u05d9\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05e8\u05b7\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05ea\u05b8\u05bc \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea-\u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5, \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8-\u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b6\u05d9\u05da\u05b8 \u05e0\u05b9\u05ea\u05b5\u05df \u05dc\u05b8\u05da\u05b0) – Deut. 16:20 Religions begin with looking at the world and seeing Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\/?p=3204\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Vegetating with Leslie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-10-20T22:52:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-10-22T12:01:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/NoahsArk.jpeg?fit=942%2C819&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"942\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"819\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Leslie Cook\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Leslie Cook\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\\\/?p=3204#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\\\/?p=3204\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Leslie Cook\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0896a9176262075b4139523533e2d382\"},\"headline\":\"Torah Ecology: Noach (Gen 6:9 – 11:32)\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-10-20T22:52:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-10-22T12:01:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\\\/?p=3204\"},\"wordCount\":1636,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\\\/?p=3204#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/NoahsArk.jpeg?fit=942%2C819&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"Nonhuman animals\",\"Torah Ecology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\\\/?p=3204#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\\\/?p=3204\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vegetatingwithleslie.org\\\/?p=3204\",\"name\":\"Torah Ecology: Noach (Gen 6:9 - 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